It is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that manifests itself with movement problems. This disease, which occurs as a result of the loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain, causes symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness and slow movements. It is more common in the elderly population. Parkinson's disease, it affects millions of people around the world.
What is Parkinson's Disease?
This disease occurs when dopamine-producing cells in the brain are lost. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating movement. As dopamine levels decrease, patients begin to experience involuntary tremors, muscle stiffness, and difficulty controlling movements.
Parkinson's Disease Symptoms
Parkinson's disease It usually progresses slowly and can be difficult to detect in the early stages. However, symptoms become more noticeable as it progresses. The most common symptoms are:
- Tremor: Involuntary tremors are seen especially in the hands, arms or legs. It is usually more pronounced at rest.
- Slowing down of movements: Performing daily activities becomes difficult, steps become smaller and movements become slower.
- Muscle Stiffness (Rigidity): The muscles feel stiff and tense, making movement even more difficult.
- Balance and Coordination Problems: Loss of balance and poor posture are common, which can lead to falls.
- Difficulties in speaking and swallowing: Patients sometimes speak in a monotonous, slow, and hoarse voice. Swallowing reflexes may also be weakened.
- Decreased Facial Expression: Patients' facial expressions become dull and they have difficulty reflecting their emotions on their faces.
Parkinson's Disease Causes
Although the exact cause is not fully known, various genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of the disease. The main causes are:
- Genetic Factors: In the family Parkinson's disease The risk may be higher in individuals with a history of
- Environmental Factors: Long-term exposure to pesticides, heavy metals and chemicals may be effective in the development of the disease.
- Aging: It is usually seen more frequently in people aged 60 and over.
- Brain Injuries: Repetitive head trauma may increase the risk.
Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis
There is no definitive laboratory test to diagnose the disease. The diagnosis is usually made based on the patient's medical history and neurological examinations. The doctor evaluates the disease by observing the patient's movement and performing some motor tests. In some cases, brain imaging techniques (MRI or PET scans) may be used.
Parkinson's Disease Treatment
There is no definitive treatment. However, there are various treatment methods to relieve the symptoms. Levodopa (L-Dopa) is the most commonly used drug. It helps improve patients' mobility by being converted to dopamine in the brain. Dopamine agonists mimic the effects of dopamine. They are used as an alternative to levodopa. MAO-B Inhibitors are drugs that prolong the effects of dopamine by slowing its breakdown.
Deep brain stimulation is done by placing electrodes in specific areas of the brain. It can be effective in reducing tremors and rigidity. Physical therapy helps improve balance and mobility. Activities such as swimming, yoga and walking can improve patients' quality of life. Consuming foods rich in antioxidants (fruits, vegetables, green tea) supports brain health. Foods containing omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation. Managing stress and getting enough sleep can slow the progression of the disease.
Ways to Improve Quality of Life for Parkinson's Patients
Parkinson's patients Here are some suggestions to make daily living activities easier:
- Making arrangements at home to reduce the risk of falls
- Prefer clothes with large buttons and no zippers
- Move slowly and carefully
- Participating in social activities and support groups
Conclusion
Parkinson's disease, negatively affects quality of life. However, it is a disease whose symptoms can be managed with the right treatment and lifestyle changes. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment methods, patients can continue their daily lives more comfortably. Research is ongoing and it is promising that new methods for the treatment of the disease will be developed in the future.
